Fungi

Swiss researchers at EMPA have developed a living, biodegradable battery powered by two types of fungi. The device relies on a yeast fungus anode, which releases electrons, and a white rot fungus cathode, which captures them—essentially functioning as a small fuel cell. Its 3D-printed casing is made from a cellulose-based ink that keeps the fungi alive by supplying simple sugars and conducting electricity. Although the battery doesn’t generate huge amounts of power, it’s suited for running small outdoor sensors. When enclosed in beeswax, the battery can operate for several days and then decompose naturally, making it ideal for agriculture and environmental research. Another notable feature is its ability to be stored in a dried state and activated on demand with water and nutrients. EMPA continues to refine this concept to boost performance and explore additional fungal strains for electricity production.